THE NEMEDIAN CHRONICLERS #2

By Lee A. Breakiron

A LION AMONG FANZINES

Robert E. Howard's Sword & Sorcery epic "Queen of the Black Coast" portrays Conan as having adopted the soubriquet "Amra the Lion" during his years as a corsair with Belit and again during his junket to Stygia in the novel The Hour of the Dragon. The name "Amra" makes its first appearance as "Am-Ra," a young barbarian in two story fragments and two poems [1]. Howard substituted "Amra of Akbitana" for "Conan the Cimmerian" when he rewrote "The Frost-Giant's Daughter," after the story's rejection by the pulp magazine Weird Tales, for submission to the fanzine The Fantasy Fan, where it was published as "Gods of the North."

Among small press publications, though, Amra is remembered as the name of a long-running semi-pro fanzine of distinction that was the first such to be devoted to Robert E. Howard (REH) and his creation, the Hyborian world. Or so was the stated intention of editor George H. Scithers [2], and though it contained some letters and poems and an article by REH, Amra would turn out to pertain only to Conan among Howard's heroes, while having most to do with heroic fantasy in general and even science fiction. It also featured pieces of original fiction, poetry, and art, as well as articles on history, archaeology, weaponry, and what was termed Hyborian technology by fantasist, editor, and contributor L. Sprague de Camp. As David Gentzel points out, Amra's unequalled 33-year run (for its Vol. 2), from 1959 to 1982, was largely due to the stability of its editorial staff [3]. Scithers and de Camp directed the publication throughout its run, maintaining a level of interest that is remarkable in itself. Amra twice won the Hugo Award for best fan publication, in 1964 and 1968.

Amra was the official publication of the Hyborian (occasionally rendered Hyborean) Legion, founded Nov. 12, 1955 by 12 "stalwart admirers of Conan from New York and Philadelphia gathered in the latter city to give honor to Conan and his creator" [2]. The officers elected were Gnome Press publisher Martin H. Greenberg and fans George R. Heap (secretary to the Philadelphia Science Fiction Society), Dr. John D. Clark, Oswald Train, de Camp, and Manny Straub. The Legion convened at many science fiction conventions in the East and Midwest through the '50s and '60s.

The first volume of Amra consisted of mimeographed newsletters edited and published by Heap. Lasting only a few issues, it contained no artwork and little or no Howard content or anything else of lasting interest [3]. After a lapse of a couple years came the second volume, which was a semi-professional publication with art by the likes of Roy Krenkel, Dan Adkins, George Barr, Frank Frazetta, Jeff Jones, Tim Kirk, Gray Morrow, Alex NiÒo, and Bernie Wrightson. Respected fantasy and science fiction authors de Camp, Poul Anderson, Marion Zimmer Bradley, John Brunner, Ken Bulmer, John W. Campbell, Avram Davidson, August Derleth, Harry Harrison, Frank Herbert, Fritz Leiber, Katherine MacLean, Michael Moorcock, E. Hoffmann Price, Richard Tierney, Ted White, and Roger Zelazny contributed articles, stories, poems, and letters, as did critics Anthony Boucher and Donald Sidney-Fryer and a generation of serious fans, including Howard scholars Glenn Lord, Fred Blosser, Bill Cavalier, Marc Cerasini, and Charles Hoffman. As fan, fantasist, and contributor Lin Carter put it, Amra was an ideal place to observe writers at play and to see what they turned out for the amusement or appreciation of their colleagues [4].

Hereafter, we will be referring only to Amra's Vol. 2. The format was 7 by 10 inches, with only minor fluctuations, and ranged in page count from 16 to 28 (mostly running 20), counting the covers, until the last two issues, which each had 40 pages. The cover price started at 20 cents and had increased to $1 by issue #70, then doubled to $2 along with the page count. The earliest issues were printed on a lithograph press, a method which limited the use of some types of artwork. Scithers said his earliest printing costs totalled slightly over $30 per issue, but he never revealed the size of his print run. He complained that the magazine lost too much money to justify offset-printing, though by the third year, most pages appeared to be offset-printed. Color was used occasionally, mainly on the covers, starting with issue #5. At first mailed bare with the address printed or pasted on the back cover along with the postage, from issue #14 on, they were mailed in envelopes that often featured Krenkel illustrations. Also, loose items were sometimes inserted in the issues [3]. In 1974, reprints were published of the first three issues, and they are noted as such on the contents pages and have black and white, rather than black and beige, covers.

Issue #15 saw the debut of Roy George Krenkel, Jr., a former EC Comics artist who would go on to publish more than 300 drawings in Amra. It was his sketches on covers and interior pages that caught the eye of editor Donald Wollheim, leading him to offer Krenkel the job of cover artist for the Ace paperbacks of Edgar Rice Burroughs reprints in 1962. When Krenkel couldn't meet some of his deadlines, he brought in his friend Frank Frazetta, who did the amazing covers of the Lancer paperbacks that did so much to popularize Howard during the fantasy boom of the 1960s [5].

In a roundtable discussion by fanzine publishers, editor Scithers said that art played an important role in Amra, but that producing the fanzine was probably not worth the trouble involved. The other participants considered Amra to be good and entertaining, but said that it never tried to be more. Its irregular publication schedule was singled out as a fault [6].

Fanzinist Arnie Fenner, in a review of Howard fanzines, generally praised Amra, saying it "quickly became one of the most interesting and impressive fanzines of its type published," but added that Amra suffered from writers taking their subject matter far too seriously when they "hadn't the foggiest notion as to REH's feelings or aspirations" [7]. Maybe so, but such diligence is, in part, what can raise fan writing to the level of scholarship, and it was Fenner's own lack of such seriousness that would undercut his own efforts in the field, as we will see later in this series. It is obviously impossible to take Robert E. Howard too seriously.

At its best, Amra was a delightful mixture of critical reviews, studies, history, homages, and spoofery. Fanzinist Wayne Warfield put it best when he said that Amra "captures what fandom is, and what it would like to be better than anyone else" [8].

Perhaps the archetypical Amra article was "An Informal Biography of Conan the Cimmerian" by P. Schuyler Miller, John D. Clark, and de Camp in issue #4. The former two, with REH, has written the seminal "Hyborian Age" essay [9], and Clark had edited the first Conan hardbacks issued by Gnome Press, beginning in 1950. This Amra article was the first of many (published elsewhere) that would try to construct a coherent saga about Conan and his world, though Howard had never claimed to be doing anything other than relating the tales as they came to him. The article was expanded as a series of prefatory excerpts in the Gnome Conan hardbacks and the Lancer paperbacks, and was expanded again when it was published in The Conan Swordbook (Mirage Press, 1969) and The Blade of Conan (Ace Books, 1979). It appeared under de Camp's exclusive byline when it appeared as "Conan the Indestructible" in Robert Jordan's pastiche Conan the Victorious (Tor Books, 1984) as well as in later Tor Conan books.

In hindsight, the contributions of so many REH pasticheurs (de Camp, Anderson, Carter, Bjˆrn Nyberg, and John Pocsik) might seem to bias Amra toward a practice that has done Howard's reputation no little damage over the ensuing decades, particularly in view of the control de Camp exercised over the publication of Howard's fiction between the editing of the Lancer paperbacks, starting in 1964, and continuing into the mid 1990s [10]. Indeed, Fenner [7] and Warfield [8] complain that, due to the constant presence of Carter and de Camp, Amra often seemed as if it were a fanzine devoted to them and their opinions, rather than to Robert E. Howard.

However, de Camp certainly played a role in popularizing Conan, and it was in Amra that he made his greatest contributions to Howard criticism, publishing a 36-page exegesis of Hyborian nomenclature, reviews of many REH books, and speculations about the Hyborian world and barbarism in general. De Camp was the first, in Amra #29, to note the probable inspiration of the assassination attempt scene in "By This Axe I Rule"/"The Phoenix on the Sword" as being the successful assassination of Pizarro in 1541. The best of these Amra articles by de Camp and others have been preserved in the Mirage Press hardbacks The Conan Reader (1968) and The Conan Swordbook (1969) and in the Ace paperbacks The Blade of Conan (1979) and The Spell of Conan (1980). De Camp also recycled some Amra content in his Blond Barbarians and Noble Savages [11].

Leo Grin, editor of the prozine The Cimmerian, said of de Camp [12]:

He was instrumental in attracting a collective of Howard fans that centered around the magazine Amra, and that met at various cons and gatherings throughout the '50s and '60s. Over the years he lured all sorts of people, many of them revered professionals, into going on record about REH in various contexts. It's hard to resist the notion that this helped firmly anchor REH at the center of the burgeoning fantasy market of the 1960s. The exact degrees and results of these ministrations are endlessly arguable, but the list of magazines, anthologies, book introductions, and fanzine articles that de Camp impregnated with a Howardian presence is formidable.

Though de Camp has been justly accused of undervaluing Howard's greatness as a writer and for editing and pastiching him for financial gain, it was in the pages of Amra that what enthusiasm he had for Howard is on best display, in pieces that brought him no remuneration. He summarizes his involvement with the Conan stories in his article "Conan's Ghost" [13] and states his case for pastiching there and in his article "Editing Conan" [14], justifying his "corrections" of Howard's prose and bowdlerization of his racial slurs, but concluding that Howard "was a real pro."

Scithers would later opine that de Camp built the Conan franchise after retrieving Howard from pulp obscurity and that "there seems to be a great deal of controversy in Robert E. Howard fandom these days, and in what passes for Robert E. Howard scholarship there is a lot of strong anti-de Camp feeling ... We can even understand some of the complaints. Dark Valley Destiny [Mr. and Mrs. de Camp's biography of REH] may have told too many uncomfortable truths. Robert E. Howard was a thirty-year-old post-adolescent who killed himself when he could not emotionally survive his mother's death. Both de Camps, with the help of Ms. Griffin, a professional child psychiatrist, tried to figure out why. Maybe some people didn't like what they concluded" [15]. Clearly, Scithers remained oblivious to all post-Amra Howard scholarship.

Scithers went on to edit (among others) Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine (for which he won two Hugo Awards) and, for about 20 years, the modern incarnation of Weird Tales, along with writer and Amra contributor Darrell Schweitzer. Scithers also published fine editions via the small Owlswick Press and received the World Fantasy Award for Lifetime Achievement.

One interesting revelation came out of a de Camp article in Amra #67 entitled "Stirrups & Scholarship," namely that de Camp would have taken an interest in Howard much sooner had he not been repulsed early on by REH's boner of mentioning stirrups in his "Kings of the Night," a story set before said paraphernalia had been invented. In later issues of Amra, there was some argument about the validity of de Camp's criticism, though I wonder more about how he could have let a historical quibble blind him to the obvious quality of Howard's prose.

Schweitzer considers Marion Zimmer Bradley's article "Ö And Strange Sounding Names" in Amra #10, on selecting euphonious names for characters and settings, as essential reading for the would-be fantasy writer [16].

It was in Amra that the accepted appellation of the literary genre invented by Howard was bestowed. Fritz Leiber had first suggested "Sword & Sorcery" elsewhere [17]. When Michael Moorcock brought up the subject in Amra #15 [18], Leiber replied, in #16, "I feel more certain than ever that this field should be called the "sword-and-sorcery story" [19]. And so it was.

One of the first persuasive arguments for Howard's literary greatness appeared in an article entitled "Conan the Existentialist" by Charles Hoffman, his first article on REH, and was cited as such by Don Herron in his epochal critical anthology The Dark Barbarian (Greenwood Press, 1984). Lacking Hoffman's contact information, though, Herron was only able to reprint the article 20 years later in his The Barbaric Triumph (Wildside Press, 2004) [20]. With the exception of Hoffman's article, Herron thought Amra's contributions were mostly "Hyborian scholarship" and hardly serious criticism.

Amra ran indices of its contents every tenth issue. Fanzinist Dennis McHaney published retrospectives of the Amra's first 13 issues [21] and the following 9 [22]. He also indexed appearances of Krenkel's art in Amra and elsewhere in [23]. The first comprehensive index of Vol. 2 was published by Dave Gentzel [3]. It anticipated my bibliography below by including abstracts, and is more extensive than mine is because it covered all the contents, including art, rather than being limited to REH-related material.

On the current market, the first printings of Amra #1, #2, and #3 sell for about $50, $40, and $30 each, with the second printings garnering about $10. The most valuable issues are #4, #7, and #9, selling for about $100, $170, and $90 respectively. #6 and #8 are worth about $45 each; #10 and #11 about $30 each; #12-#28 about $20 each; and #29-#42 about $15 each; and the rest about $10 each.

REFERENCES

[1] Szumskyj, Ben, "Am-Ra: Howard's Lost Hero" in Robert E. Howard: The Power of the Writing Mind (ed. Ben Szumskyj; Mythos Books, Poplar Bluff, Mo.), pp. 56-58 (2003)

[2] Scithers, George H., "Ö Whence?" and "Whither Ö?" in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 4 & 5 (Jan., 1959)

[3] Gentzel, David, "An Index to Amra (V2)" in REHupa #176, 56 pp. (Aug., 2002)

[4] Carter, Lin, "Swordsmen and Sorcerers at Play" in The Conan Grimoire, ed. L. Sprague de Camp &

George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1972), pp. 3-9; reprinted in The Spell of Conan, ed.L.

Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 3-7

[5] McHaney, Dennis, "The Howard Collector" in The Howard Review #14 (Dennis McHaney, Lulu.com), pp. 6-30 (2008)

[6] Fenner, Arnold M.; Bacon, Jonathan; Hamilton, George; McHaney, Dennis; Roark, Byron; Sasser, Damon; Scithers, George; & Warfield, Wayne, "REH Editors/Publishers Roundtable Discussion," Part One in Fantasy Crossroads #9 (Stygian Isle Press, Lamoni, Iowa), pp. 31-33 (Aug., 1976) & Part Two in Fantasy Crossroads #10/11 (Stygian Isle Press, Lamoni, Iowa), pp. 13-17 & 69-71 (Mar., 1977)

[7] Fenner, Arnold M., "Agonies and Ecstasies" in REH: Lone Star Fictioneer #3, Vol. 1, #3 (Nemedian Chronicles, Shawnee Mission, Kan), pp. 19-23 (fall, 1975)

[8] Warfield, Wayne, "Ö A Look behind the Railway Gazette" in Cross Plains #1, Vol. 1, #1 (George T. Hamilton, Yorba Linda, Cal.), pp. 5-7 (Jan., 1974)

[9] Howard, Robert E.; Miller, P. Schuyler; and Clark, Dr. John D., The Hyborian Age (including Miller & Clark's "A Probable Outline of Conan's Career"; LANY Cooperative, 1938)

[10] Holmes, Morgan, "The de Camp Controversy, Part 4" in The REHupa Blog (www.rehupa.com), 20 July, 2008.

[11] de Camp, L. Sprague, "Howard and the Celts" & "The Heroic Barbarian" in his Blond Barbarians and Noble Savages (T-K Graphics, Baltimore, Md., 1975), pp. 21-46

[12] Grin, Leo, "A Century of L. Sprague de Camp, 1907-2007" in The Cimmerian Blog (www.thecimmerian.com), 27 Nov., 2007

[13] de Camp, L. Sprague, "Conan's Ghost" in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage

Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 3-11; reprinted in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace

Books, New York, 1980), pp. 38-43

[14] de Camp, L. Sprague, "Editing Conan" [his aims & experiences editing the Gnome & Lancer REH

books, noting inconsistencies in the Conan stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #48 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft.

Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), pp. 4-9 (mid Aug., 1968); reprinted in The

Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md.,

1969), pp. 81-91 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp.

113-121

[15] Scithers, George H. and Schweitzer, Darrell, Editorial in Weird Tales #323 (Terminus Publishing, Philadelphia, 2001)

[16] Schweitzer, Darrell, Letter in The Cimmerian, Vol. 2, #2 (Leo Grin, Playa del Rey, Cal.), pp. 33 & 34 (Apr., 2005)

[17] Leiber, Fritz, Ancalagon #2 (George R. Heap, Philadelphia Science Fiction Society, 6 Apr., 1961).

[18] Moorcock, Michael, "Putting a Tag on It" in Amra, Vol. 2, #15 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 15-18 (May, 1961)

[19] Leiber, Fritz, "Swackle" (= letter) in Amra, Vol. 2, #16 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 21-23 (July, 1961)

[20] Hoffman, Charles, "Hard-boiled Heroic Critic" in The Cimmerian, Vol. 1, #5 (Leo Grin, Playa del Rey, Cal., 2004), pp. 6-12 (Dec., 2004)

[21] McHaney, Dennis, "A History of Amra, Part One: The First Two Years" in REHupa #110, The Blufftown Barbarian #1, Vol. 1, #1, pp. 11-16 (July, 1991)

[22] McHaney, Dennis, "A History of Amra, Part Two: The 3rd and 4th Year" in REHupa #111, The Blufftown Barbarian #2, Vol. 1, #2, pp. 7-14 (Sept./Oct., 1991)

[23] McHaney, Dennis, "Roy G. Krenkel and Robert E. Howard" in REHupa #119, The Blufftown Barbarian #4, pp. 3-20 (Feb., 1993)

THE ROBERT E. HOWARD BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SECONDARY SOURCES, PART II

Amra, Vol. 2 ran for 71 issues between Jan., 1959 and July, 1982.

The list of articles below is complete insofar as it contains all items relating to Howard, excepting those by Howard himself (being primary references and cataloged elsewhere) and those inspired by Howard, such as poems by others (being primary references by those authors). Articles relating to art, comic books and magazines, and movies are included only if there is a strong REH connection. The list is in alphabetical order by author and then by title. The abstract, if any, is in brackets. It contains all places where any of the articles have been reprinted, including the Mirage Press hardbacks The Conan Reader (1968) and The Conan Swordbook (1969) and in the Ace paperbacks The Blade of Conan (1979) and The Spell of Conan (1980), as well as any articles in those books that did not appear in Amra.

REHupa = Robert E. Howard United Press Association.

Index to REH-related content in Amra, Vol. 2 (fanzine series of the Hyborian/Hyborean League edited by George H. Scithers & L. Sprague de Camp)

Anderson, Poul "The Art of Robert E. Howard" [Conan's personal character] in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 7-9 (Jan., 1959); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 21-26 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 85-89

Anderson, Poul "Who Were the AEsir?" [their historical basis] in Amra, Vol. 2, #3 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 5-11(May, 1959); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 33-41; reprinted in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 172-180

Berman, Ruth & "The Insidious Dr. Conan of Baker Street" [similarity of poisonous traps in Eney, Richard H. Doyle's "The Adventure of the Dying Detective" & REH's The Hour of the "Dick" Dragon] in Amra, Vol. 2, #35 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 20 (July, 1965)

Boardman, John "Additions to the Original Exegesis" [of de Camp in #s 4-6] in Amra, Vol. 2, #45 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 18 (early Dec., 1967)

Boardman, John "Conan & the 11,000 Virgins" [a historical Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #61 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 10-13 (Mar., 1974)

Boardman, John Letter [on calendars; follow-up to his letter in #9] in Amra, Vol. 2, #12 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), p. 3 (Sep., 1960)

Boardman, John Letter [on de Camp's "Addendum to the Exegesis" in #40] in Amra, Vol. 2, #46 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 17 (Apr., 1968)

Boardman, John Letter [on the calendar of Hyborea (sic)] in Amra, Vol. 2, #9 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 20 (Jan., 1960); see his follow-up in #12

Boardman, John "Ocean Trade in the Hyborian Age" [incl. piracy] in Amra, Vol. 2, #13 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 8-12 (Sep., 1960); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 221-224 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 45-50

Boggs, Redd "Does Conan Need Suspenders?" [suspense in the Conan stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #14 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 12-17 (Jan., 1961)

Capella, Ray Garcia See Garcia-Capella, Ray

Carter, Lin "The Real Hyborian Age" [recently discovered prehistoric civilizations almost as old as those invented by REH] in Amra, Vol. 2, #56 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 4-10; reprinted in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 67-76

Carter, Lin "Swordsmen and Sorcerers at Play" [survey of Sword & Sorcery heroes & the contents & authors of the fanzine Amra] in The Conan Grimoire, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1972), pp. 3-9; reprinted in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 3-7

Cavalier, Gordon W. "Whither Goest, Cimmerian? (A Dissenting View of Conan of Late)" "Bill"/ "Indy" [criticizing pastiching & merchandizing] in Amra, Vol. 2, #70 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 37 & 38 (Sep., 1981)

Cawthorn, Jim Letter [on Conan's physical size] in Amra, Vol. 2, #65 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 19 (Apr., 1976)

Cawthorn, Jim Letter [on the appeal of & mysteriousness in REH's Almuric] in Amra, Vol. 2, #37 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 9 (Jan., 1966)

Cerasini, Marc A., "Conan & the Cinema" [how his stories should be filmed] in Amra, Vol. 2, Rypel, Ted C., #67 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Harris, Kevn, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 4-6 (Feb., 1977) Warner, Harry, Jr., May, Jeff, & Scithers, George H.

Clark, John D., "An Informal Biography of Conan the Cimmerian" [based on REH's stories; Miller, P. Schuyler, & expansion of an article in Amra, Vol. 2, #4 by Miller, Clark, & de Camp with de Camp, L. Sprague the same title] in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 227-255 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 9-44; see letter by Eney in Amra, Vol. 2, #7

Conder, Val D. Review of Almuric (by REH; Grant, 1975) in Amra, Vol. 2, #63 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 19 & 20 (Apr., 1975)

Conder, Val D. Review of Bloodstar: King of the Northern Abyss (by Richard Corben, REH, & John Jakes; Morning Star, 1976) in Amra, Vol. 2, #67 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 18 (Feb., 1977)

Conder, Val D. Review of The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan (by REH; FAX, 1974) in Amra, Vol. 2, #63 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 18 (Apr., 1975)

Conlon, John P. Letter [on Conan-like names in history] in Amra, Vol. 2, #65 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 19 (Apr., 1976)

Coulson, Robert S. "Conan: A Social Commentary" [socio-political interpretation of Conan's career] in Amra, Vol. 2, #3 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 14 & 15 (May, 1959)

Coulson, Robert S. "Thews of IronóAnd a Head to Match" [review of REH's Almuric (Ace, 1964)] in Amra, Vol. 2, #36 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 12 & 13 (Sep., 1965)

Coulson, Robert S. "Words from Xaltotun" [his reasons for disliking the Conan stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #11 (George H. Scithers, Eatontown, N.J.), pp. 19-20 (late Apr., 1960)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Addenda to the Exegesis" [by him in #s 4-6] in Amra, Vol. 2, #6 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 23 & 24 (Sep., 1959)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Addenda to the Exegesis" [by him in #6] in Amra, Vol. 2, #40 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 17 (June, 1966)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Bibliotechnical Bonanza" [announces Glenn Lord's discovery of 6 new Conan stories to be included in forthcoming pbs.] in Amra, Vol. 2, #42 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 3 (Sep., 1966)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Conan and Matho" [did REH read Flaubert's SalammbÙ?] in Amra, Vol. 2, #16 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 3-7 (July, 1961); reprinted in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 45-52 & in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 205-210

de Camp, L. Sprague "Conan & Pizarro" [probable basis of the attack on Kull/Conan in REH's "By This Axe I Rule"/"The Phoenix on the Sword" on the assassination of Pizarro] in Amra, Vol. 2, #29 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 7 & 8 (Aug., 1964); reprinted in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 53-56 & in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 218-220; also see Hardy, David A., "Conquistadors of Doom" in The Cimmerian, Vol. 2, #1 (Leo Grin, Playa del Rey, Cal.), pp. 18-23 (Feb., 2005)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Conan and Togetherness" [countering Nietz's article in #5, examines REH's & Conan's attitudes toward women, describing them as immature] in Amra, Vol. 2, #8 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 6-9 (late Nov./early Dec., 1959)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Conan of the Movies" [de Camp's contributions to Conan's popularity & legal arrangements for the upcoming Conan movie] in Amra, Vol. 2, #70 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 31 & 32 (Sep., 1981)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Conan's Ghost" [bio sketch of REH, history of de Camp's involvement with REH's stories, & a list of the Conan stories, incl. pastiches] = introduction to The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 3-11; reprinted in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 38-43

de Camp. L. Sprague "Conan's Imitators" [Weird Tales stories by Clifford Ball, Henry Kuttner, & Norvell W. Page] in Amra, Vol. 2, #20 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), pp. 14-20 (Feb., 1962); reprinted in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 64-71 & in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 140-146

de Camp, L. Sprague "The Conans of Albion" [historical Conans] in Amra, Vol. 2, #61 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 8-10 (Mar., 1974); reprinted in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 166-171

de Camp, L. Sprague "Correction to the Orginal Exegesis" [by him in #s 4-6] in Amra, Vol. 2, #45 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 18 (early Dec., 1967)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Editing Conan" [his aims & experiences editing the Gnome & Lancer REH books, noting inconsistencies in the Conan stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #48 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), pp. 4-9 (mid Aug., 1968); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 81-91 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 113-121

de Camp, L. Sprague "An Exegesis of Howard's Hyborian Tales" [list of proper & place names with inferred derivations], Part 1, in Amra, Vol. 2, #4 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 24-28 (June, 1959); Part 2, in #5, pp. 13-23 (early July, 1959); & Part 3, in #6, pp. 10-23 (Sep., 1959); see his addenda in Amra #s 6, 40, 45, & 51; his correction in #45; Miller's correction in his "Lord of the Black Throne" in #14; Boardman's addition in #45; & Izbicki & Boardman's letters in #46; reprinted in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 94-148; expanded to include pastiches as "Hyborian Names" in Conan the Swordsman by de Camp, Lin Carter, & Bjorn Nyberg (Bantam, New York, 1978), pp. 205-274

de Camp, L. Sprague "An Exegesis of Names Discarded by REH" [addendum to his Exegesis in #s 4-6] Amra, Vol. 2, #51 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), pp. 10-13 (Nov., 1969)

de Camp, Sprague de "Exegetical Addenda" [to his Exegesis in #4] in Amra, Vol. 2, #9 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 12 (Jan., 1960)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Hyborian Technology" [practical elements of society in Conan's time] in Amra, Vol. 2, #23 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), pp. 7-17 (Jan., 1963); reprinted in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 28-42 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 51-65

de Camp, L. Sprague "The Insidious Dr. Conan" [similarities between Rohmer's Fu Manchu stories & REH's The Hour of the Dragon] in Amra, Vol. 2, #31 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 7 & 8 (Dec., 1964); reprinted in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 163-165

de Camp, L. Sprague Introduction to REH's letter to Harold Preece ca. Nov. 1930 [racial types in REH's fiction & in history] in Amra, Vol. 2, #29 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 14 (Aug., 1964)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Kush" [historical basis for REH's fictional country] in Amra, Vol. 2, #10 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 4-8 (Apr., 1960) ; reprinted in The Conan Grimoire, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1972), pp. 183-190

de Camp, L. Sprague Letter [on Jhil in REH's "Beyond the Black River"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #5 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 6 (early July, 1959)

de Camp, L. Sprague Letter [on Pictish names, REH's & historical] in Amra, Vol. 2, #19 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), p. 6 (Feb., 1962)

de Camp, L. Sprague Letter [on REH's unfinished story "The Snout in the Dark"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #51 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 3 (Nov., 1969)

de Camp, L. Sprague Letter [on Solomon Kane; basis for Weird Tales' inappropriate art for "The Footfalls Within"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #16 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), p. 24 (July, 1961)

de Camp, L. Sprague Letter [on the Yuetshi in REH's Almuric] in Amra, Vol. 2, #37 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 8 & 9 (Jan., 1966); see his follow-up in #39, p. 20

de Camp, L. Sprague Letter [on the Yuetshi in REH's Almuric; follow-up to his letter in #37] in Amra, Vol. 2, #39 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 20 (Mar., 1966)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Literary Swordsmen & Sorcerers: Skald in the Post Oaks" [summary of REH's life, writings, & popularity] in Fantastic Science Fiction and Fantasy Stories, Vol. 20, #5 (Ultimate Publishing Co., Flushing, N.Y.), pp. 99-108 (June, 1971); reprinted as "Skald in the Post Oaks" in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 11-25; incorporated into "The Miscast Barbarian" in his Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers (Arkham House, Sauk City, Wis., 1976) , pp. 135-177

de Camp, L. Sprague "Memories of REH" [de Camp's & Alan Nourse's trip to Brownwood & Cross Plains, Tex., in spring, 1965; sketch of REH's life; & his relations with his father] in Amra, Vol. 2, #38 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 15-20 (Feb., 1966); reprinted in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 12-20 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 91-98; incorporated into "The Miscast Barbarian" in his Literary Swordsmen and Sorcerers (Arkham House, Sauk City, Wis., 1976), pp. 135-177

de Camp, L. Sprague "More Stirrups" [rebuttal of Drake's "Scholars & Stirrups" in #68] in Amra, Vol. 2, #69 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 17 (Jan., 1981)

de Camp, L. Sprague Note on Glenn Lord's discovery of REH's "The Vale of Lost Women" manuscript in Amra, Vol. 2, #42 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 6 (Sep., 1966)

de Camp, L. Sprague Note on settlement of litigation affecting publication of the REH Lancer pbs. in Amra, Vol. 2, #47 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 15 (Aug., 1968)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of A Gent from Bear Creek (by REH; Grant, 1964) in Amra, Vol. 2, #42 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 5 & 6 (Sep., 1966)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Always Comes Evening (by REH; Underwood-Miller, 1977) in Amra, Vol. 2, #68 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 16 (July, 1978)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Black Vulmea's Vengeance (and Other Tales of Pirates) (by REH; Grant, 1976) in Amra, Vol. 2, #67 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 17 (Feb., 1977)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Bran Mak Morn (by REH; Dell, 1969) in Amra, Vol. 2, #52 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 14 (Apr., 1970)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Echoes from an Iron Harp (by REH; Grant, 1972) in Amra, Vol. 2, #56 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 16 & 17 (June, 1972)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Marchers of Valhalla (by REH; Grant, 1972) in Amra, Vol. 2, #60 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 17-19 (Sep., 1973)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Red Blades of Black Cathay (by REH & Tevis Clyde Smith; Grant, 1971) in Amra, Vol. 2, #55 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 19 (Dec., 1971)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Solomon Kane (by REH; Centaur, 1971) in Amra, Vol. 2, #55 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia,

Pa.), p. 18 (Dec., 1971)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Son of the White Wolf (by REH; FAX, 1977) in Amra, Vol. 2, #68 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 16 (July, 1978)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of The Book of Robert E. Howard (by REH; Zebra, 1976) in Amra, Vol. 2, #67 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 18 & 19 (Feb., 1977)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of The Incredible Adventures of Dennis Dorgan (by REH; FAX, 1974) in Amra, Vol. 2, #63 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 17 & 18 (Apr., 1975)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of The Last Celt: A Bio-Bibliography of Robert Ervin Howard (ed. Glenn Lord; Grant, 1976) in Amra, Vol. 2, #67 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. pp. 16 & 17 (Feb., 1977)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of The Pride of Bear Creek (by REH; Grant, 1966) in Amra, Vol. 2, #44 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 11 (Oct., 1967)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of The Sowers of the Thunder (by REH; Grant, 1973) in Amra, Vol. 2, #60 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 19-21 (Sep., 1973)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of The Vultures (by REH; Fictioneer, 1973) in Amra, Vol. 2, #62 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 24 & 25 (Oct., 1974)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Tigers of the Sea (by REH; Grant, 1974) in Amra, Vol. 2, #63 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 18 & 19 (Apr., 1975)

de Camp, L. Sprague Review of Worms of the Earth (by REH; Grant, 1974) [includes a reference to REH & stirrups] in Amra, Vol. 2, #62 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 25 & 26 (Oct., 1974)

de Camp, L. Sprague "Skald in the Post Oaks": see "Literary Swordsmen & Sorcerers: Skald in the Post Oaks"

de Camp, L. Sprague "Stirrups & Scholarship" [& how their erroneous use in REH's "Kings of the Night" delayed his interest in REH] in Amra, Vol. 2, #67 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 7 (Feb., 1977) & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp.139-141; see Drake's counterargument in #68, p. 12 & de Camp's rebuttal in #69, p. 17, as well as a passing ref. in de Camp's review of Worms of the Earth

de Camp, L. Sprague "Superaddendum to the Exegesis" [by him in #s 4-6 so as to include REH's 6 posthumously discovered Conan stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #45 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), pp. 14-18 (early Dec., 1967)

de Camp, L. Sprague "The Trail of Tranicos" [editing & publication history of REH's "The Black Stranger" and REH & de Camp's "The Treasure of Tranicos"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #45 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), pp. 6-8 (early Dec., 1967); reprinted in The Conan Reader, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1968), pp. 21-27 & in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 45-50

de Camp, L. Sprague "Conan Undesexed" [bowdlerization of their The Return of Conan by editor & Nyberg, Bjˆrn Martin Greenberg] in Amra, Vol. 2, #15 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 3-7 (May, 1961)

Drake, David "Scholars & Stirrups" [countering de Camp's criticism of REH's use of stirrups in "Kings of the Night" in #67, p. 7] in Amra, Vol. 2, #68 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 12 (July, 1978); see de Camp's rebuttal in #69, p. 17

Earley, George W. "Conan's Monster Rally" [creatures encountered by Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #28 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 4-7 (June, 1964)

Earley, George W. Letter [on Conan & Hollywood; which stories should be filmed?] in Amra, Vol. 2, #22 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), p. 15 (July, 1962)

Eney, Richard H. "Dick" Letters [on errors in "The Informal Biography of Conan the Cimmerian" by

P. S. Miller et al. in #4] in Amra, Vol. 2, #7 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 13 & 14 (Sep., 1959)

Eney, Richard H. "Dick" "Swords and Sorcery" [REH's writing skills & history of the fanzine Amra] = & Scithers, George H. introduction to The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. ix-xiii; reprinted in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 1-5

Fulwiler, William "Tarzan, Kull, & Conan" [similarities between them] in Amra, Vol. 2, #62 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 15-19 (Oct., 1974)

Garcia-Capella, Ray "A Case for Conan the Cimmerian: His Code, His Women, and His Kingship" in Amra, Vol. 2, #9 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 16-19 (Jan., 1960)

Gechter, Albert E. Letter [on ocean trade in the Hyborian Age, commenting on Boardman's essay in #13] in Amra, Vol. 2, #16 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), p. 21 (July, 1961)

Gechter, Albert E. Letter [on origins of the names Crom-Cruach & Aquilonia] in Amra, Vol. 2, #8 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 12 (late Nov./early Dec., 1959)

Gechter, Albert E. Letter "Who Was Crom?" [clues from history & the Conan stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #9 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 4-6 (Jan., 1960) ; reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 43-47 & in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 200-204

Glick, Seth "A Tentative Bibiography of S & S" [i.e. Sword & Srcery, incl. a list of the Conan books] in Amra, Vol. 2, #62 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 7-11 (Oct., 1974)

Griffey, W.H. & "Conan & His Women" in Amra, Vol. 2, #2 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Bergquist, Franklin Cal.), pp. 18 & 19 (1959)

Hall, David "Lady in the Maze and Other Samples of Conan's Sense of Humor" in Amra, Vol. 2, #40 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 18 (June, 1966)

Hansen, Chuck & "Conan of the Khyber Rifles" [Talbot Mundy's influence on REH's "The Metcalf, Norman People of the Black Circle"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #14 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 24-26 (Jan., 1961); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 57-60

Harvey, Jon M. Letter [on Conan's psychology] in Amra, Vol. 2, #58 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 11 & 12 (Jan., 1973)

Heap, George R. Letter [on ocean trade in the Hyborian Age, correcting Boardman's essay in #13] in Amra, Vol. 2, #16 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), pp. 20 & 21 (July, 1961)

Hoffman, Charles "Conan the Existentialist" [was REH an existentialist?] in Amra, Vol. 2, #61 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 14-17 (Mar., 1974); expanded as "Conan the Existential" in Ariel #1 (Morning Star Press, Leawood, Kan.), pp. 77-80 (autumn, 1976); reprinted in Cromlech #1, Vol. 1, #1 (Marc A. Cerasini, New York, N.Y.), pp. 4-13 (spring, 1985) & in The Barbaric Triumph: A Critical Anthology on the Writings of Robert E. Howard (ed. Don Herron; Wildside Press, Berkeley Heights, N.J., 2004), pp. 5-10

Howard, Allan "Conan on Crusade" [REH's crusader stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #24 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), pp. 13-18 (mid May, 1963); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 65-73 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 99-106

Hunt, Roy "Conan of the Reavers" [discussion of REH's "People of the Dark"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #3 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 24 (May, 1959)

Izbicki, Thomas M. Letter [on de Camp's "Exegesis" in #4-6 about origin of the name Ajujo] in Amra, Vol. 2, #46 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 17 (Apr., 1968)

Kidd, Justin Letter [on Jhil in REH's "Beyond the Black River"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #5 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 6 (early July, 1959)

Leiber, Fritz "An Extended Swackle" [= letter; appeal of & sex in REH's "The Moon of Skulls" & "Red Shadows"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #17 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), pp. 15-18 (Oct., 1961); revised as "Howard's Style" in The Conan Grimoire, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1972), pp. 33-40, in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 26-31, & in The Dark Barbarian: The Writings of Robert E. Howard; A Critical Anthology (ed. Don Herron, Greenwood Press, Westport, Conn., 1984; reprinted by Wildside Press, Berkeley Heights, N.J., 2000), pp. 1-15)

Leiber, Fritz "Howard's Style": see "An Extended Swackle"

Lord, Glenn "A Gent from Cross Plains" [REH's western stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp.10-12 (Jan., 1959); erratum in #3, p. 4; reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 27-31 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 123-126

Lord, Glenn "Howard's Detective Stories" in Amra, Vol. 2, #17 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), pp. 13 & 14 (Oct., 1961); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 61-63 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 123-126

Lord, Glenn Letter [on Howard's interest in women] in Amra, Vol. 2, #10 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 15 (Apr., 1960)

Lord, Glenn "On a Bibliography and Some Pennames" [REH's pseudonyms & a request for REH's published appearances] in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 17 (Jan., 1959)

Lord, Glenn "On the True Circumstances of Howard's Death" [took place in town, not out in desert] in Amra, Vol. 2, #2 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 10 (1959)

May, Jeff Letter [on psychoanalyzing Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #58 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 12 (Jan., 1973)

Metcalf, Norman Letter [on the publication of REH's Almuric] in Amra, Vol. 2, #37 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 8 (Jan., 1966)

Miller, P. Schuyler "Long after Conan" [history after the Hyborian Age] in Amra, Vol. 2, #23 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Arlington, Va.), pp. 3-6 (Jan., 1963)

Miller, P. Schuyler "Lord of the Black Throne" [historical & legendary basis of Erlik in REH's "Shadows in Zamboula," incl. use in Robert W. Chambers' fantasy The Slayer of Souls] in Amra, Vol. 2, #14 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 8-11 (Jan., 1961); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 50-55, in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp. 77-82, & in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 221-225

Miller, P. Schuyler, "An Informal Biography of Conan the Cimmerian" [based on REH's stories] Clark, Dr. John D., & in Amra, Vol. 2, #4 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 3-18 (June, de Camp, L. Sprague 1959); expanded as an article with the same title by Clark, Miller, & de Camp (q.v.); see letter by Eney in #7

Miller, P. Schuyler, "The Chronicles of Conan" [bibliography of the Conan stories] in Amra, Vol. Lord, Glenn, & 2, #4 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 19 & 20 (June, 1959) Metcalf, Norman

Neal, Jim "The Conan Chronology" [REH & others' Conan stories in order of Conan's life] in Amra, Vol. 2, #71 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 28-30 (July, 1982)

Nietz, V. A. H. "One Woman's Opinion" [about Conan & his women] in Amra, Vol. 2, #5 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 8 & 9 (early July, 1959); see response by de Camp in his "Conan and Togetherness" in #8

Nyberg, Bjˆrn Letter [on his and de Camp's The Return of Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #5 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 7 (early July, 1959)

Opilla, Tom J. J. Letter [on psychoanalyzing Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #58 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 13 (Jan., 1973)

Orlikow, Bill "Conan & Cinema: A Reply" [to "Conan and the Cinema" by Cerasini et al. in #68] in Amra, Vol. 2, #68 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 4 & 5 (July, 1978)

Orlikow, Bill "Conan the Cinema-ian" [how Conan will prob. be filmed] in Amra, Vol. 2, #62 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 4-6 (Oct., 1974)

Pocsik, John "Addenda: The Case for Solomon Kane" [to his essay in #14] in Amra, Vol. 2, #15 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), p. 7 (May, 1961)

Pocsik, John "The Case for Solomon Kane" [Kane's career & the quality of his stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #14 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), pp. 3-7 (Jan., 1961) & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp.127-129

Price, E. Hoffman "Long Ago" [diary of Price's visit to REH in Apr, 1934 condensed from his May, 1934 article in the fanzine The Ghost] in Amra, Vol. 2, #63 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 5-8 (Apr., 1975)

Price, E. Hoffman "Robert E. Howard & His Heroes" [Price's preference for REH's pre-Conan heroes] in Amra, Vol. 2, #15 (George H. Scithers, Arlington, Va.), p. 14 (May, 1961)

Schweitzer, Darrell Review of The Hour of the Dragon (by REH; Berkley-Putnam, 1977) in Amra, Vol. 2, #68 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 8 (July, 1978)

Scithers, George H. "Balthus of the Tauran & Robert of Cross Plains" [discussion of REH's "Beyond the Black River"] in Amra, Vol. 2, #3 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 20-23 (May, 1959); reprinted as "Balthus of Cross Plains" in The Conan Grimoire, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1972), pp. 25-28 & in The Spell of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1980), pp. 51-54

Scithers, George H. Letter [on Esau Cairn's plunge in REH's Almuric] in Amra, Vol. 2, #37 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), p. 8 (Jan., 1966)

Scithers, George H. "The Letters" [plea for info on REH correspondence, esp. with H.P. Lovecraft] in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 6 (Jan., 1959)

Scithers, George H. "Ö Whence?" [history of the Hyborean Legion of REH fans] in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 3 & 4 (Jan., 1959)

Scithers, George H. "Ö Whither?" [history of the Hyborean Legion of REH fans] in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 4 & 5 (Jan., 1959)

Scithers, George H. "Blunders" [comments on papers unearthed after REH's death & REH's

& de Camp, L. reworking of "By This Axe I Rule!" into "The Phoenix on the Sword"] in Sprague Amra, Vol. 2, #45 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Eatontown, N.J.), p. 3 (early Dec., 1967)

Scithers, George H. Review of People of the Black Circle (by REH; Grant, 1974) in Amra, Vol. 2, & de Camp, L. #63 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Sprague Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 3 (Apr., 1975)

Scithers, George H. Review of The Hyborian Age, Being a Geographical Chart of the Known & de Camp, L. World circa 10,000 B.C. (by Tim Conrad, 1974) in Amra, Vol. 2, #62 Sprague (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 27 (Oct., 1974)

Scithers, George H. "Thuds" [concerns about printing REH with copyright assigned to Glenn Lord & de Camp, L. rather than the heirs, & mention of Lancer's bankruptcy causing problems with Sprague the Conan series] in Amra, Vol. 2, #64 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), p. 3 (Oct., 1975)

Solon, Ben "Howard's Cthuloid Tales" [REH's contributions to H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos] in Amra, Vol. 2, #40 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Germany), pp. 14-17 (June, 1966); reprinted in The Conan Swordbook, ed. L. Sprague de Camp & George H. Scithers (Mirage Press, Baltimore, Md., 1969), pp. 76-80 & in The Blade of Conan, ed. L. Sprague de Camp (Ace Books, New York, 1979), pp.143-147

Sowers, O. Raymond Letter [on origin of the name Aquilonia] in Amra, Vol. 2, #9 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 19 (Jan., 1960)

Sowers, O. Raymond Letter [on the origin of the name Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #8 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), p. 9 (late Nov/early Dec., 1959)

Staib, John E. "Thoughts on Nemedian Politics & Government" in Amra, Vol. 2, #65 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 5-9 (Apr., 1976)

Stout, William "Cinematic Response" [defense of the upcoming Conan movie] in Amra, Vol. 2, #71 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 39 & 40 (July, 1982)

Strnad, Jan "The Psychological Conan" [psychoanalysis of Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #57 (Terminus, Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 11-15 (late June, 1972); see Cawthorn's letter & Strnad's reply in #61

Wertham, Frederic, Letter [on psychoanalyzing Conan] in Amra, Vol. 2, #58 (Terminus, MD Owlswick, & Ft. Mudge Electric St. Railway Gazette, Philadelphia, Pa.), pp. 13 & 14 (Jan., 1973)

Wilson, Elizabeth "Some Thoughts on the Conan Series" [reasons for the appeal of Conan's & similar stories] in Amra, Vol. 2, #1 (George H. Scithers, Stanford, Cal.), pp. 14-16 (Jan., 1959)